This section highlights the importance of metaphor in linguistic expression, citing the perspectives of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson to emphasize that metaphors form the foundation of human thought and behavior. It also introduces Jonathan Charteris-Black's "Critical Metaphor Analysis" method, which integrates critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, pragmatics, and cognitive linguistics to study metaphors. The essence of political appeals lies in acquiring power, and politicians influence public thought, construct ideologies, and alter behavior through political discourse to achieve their goals. Metaphors serve as a central strategy for legitimizing policies in political texts. Swahili plays a significant role in Tanzania's political life, yet related research remains limited. This study conducts a critical metaphor analysis of the speeches delivered by Tanzania's first female president, Samia Suluhu Hassan, from 2021 to 2023, categorizing the types of metaphors used and their influencing factors.

1 Identification, Description, and Explanation of Metaphors and Their Discourse Model

This section outlines Charteris-Black's discourse analysis process, which involves three steps: metaphor identification, description, and explanation. Metaphors entail a mapping from a concrete domain to an abstract domain, creating semantic tension. Metaphor identification consists of two phases: close reading of the text and precise analysis. Description reveals the pragmatic and cognitive factors behind metaphor usage, while explanation analyzes the relationship between metaphors and social context from a practical perspective. Factors influencing metaphor choice include personal resources (e.g., personal thoughts, emotions, experiences) and social resources (e.g., political views, ideologies). The metaphor discourse model enables a comprehensive analysis of these influencing factors.

2 Critical Metaphor Analysis of Samia Suluhu Hassan's Speeches

This section presents a critical metaphor analysis of 18 speeches by Samia Suluhu Hassan, spanning 2021 to 2023, with a total word count of 45,845. The research methods include using Word search and manual retrieval to identify metaphorical keywords, excluding non-tension candidate metaphors, and conducting classification statistics. Six types of metaphors were identified, with personification, construction, and journey metaphors being the most frequently used. Body metaphors concretize political concepts to evoke national identity; personification metaphors bridge the gap with the audience and enhance interaction; construction metaphors liken nation-building to architecture, inspiring confidence; journey metaphors frame national development as a voyage, conveying a vision for progress; family metaphors reflect close international relations; and war metaphors equate national policies and reforms to battles, rallying public participation. These metaphors play a crucial role in political discourse by conveying political ideas and strengthening mobilization efforts.

3 Factors Influencing Samia Suluhu Hassan's Metaphor Choices

Samia Suluhu Hassan employs various metaphors in her political speeches to resonate emotionally with the public, with her choices shaped by personal and social factors. Personal factors include her identity as a woman, leading her to favor metaphors with feminine characteristics, such as "kulea" (to nurture) and "mlezi" (caregiver), which align with her role as Tanzania's first female president. Her educational background and political experience reinforce this identity, motivating her to abolish discriminatory laws and advance women's rights. Social factors encompass Tanzania's economic and diplomatic challenges, as well as the public's emphasis on familial identity and bodily cognition. Samia uses construction and war metaphors to underscore the urgency of nation-building, family metaphors to foster closeness with citizens, and body metaphors to make political concepts more accessible. These metaphorical strategies aim to unite the populace and achieve political objectives.

4 Conclusion

This section discusses the functions of metaphors in political discourse, analyzes the types of metaphors in Tanzanian President Samia's speeches, and reveals the personal and social factors behind her choices, illustrating how they reflect her identity, political wisdom, and sense of responsibility. The study provides new perspectives and case studies for understanding Tanzania's national cultural identity and cross-cultural communication.