1 Introduction

Poetry translation has become a difficult problem in the translation industry due to its concise language and harmonious rhythm. Before the first half of the 20th century, there were divergent views in the literary circles of both the East and the West regarding the discussion of literal translation and free translation. Literal translation schools such as the Zhou brothers and Nida emphasize loyalty to the source text, while free translation schools such as Qian Zhongshu and Amos value free translation to restore the soul of the source text. In the second half of the 20th century, translation theory became more refined, and scholars began to focus on multiple research categories such as translation program norms, comparative interpretation, and influence acceptance, giving rise to new theories such as equivalent translation theory and functional translation theory. Literal translation and free translation have been mentioned as translation methods in practice, providing a cornerstone for popular translation theories.

2 Poetry Translation Theory

Kohler proposed five types of equivalence based on Nida and Newmark's translation theory: extensional equivalence, connotative equivalence, discourse normative equivalence, pragmatic equivalence, and formal equivalence, emphasizing the need to analyze the five discourse characteristics of the target language text before translation. Taking the Spanish poem "The Confession of Don Quixote" as an example, this article explores reasonable translation procedures and strategies from three dimensions: pre translation, translation, and post translation. Poetry translation requires literal accuracy, rhythm, and metaphysical aesthetics, making it difficult for the translation to have uniqueness. The author strives to ensure the literal accuracy of the translation, but the metaphysical aesthetic interpretation may be insufficient. Colleagues are welcome to criticize and correct.

3. Translation before - Extension equivalence

Holtz Mantali regards translation as a communicative activity involving multiple roles, emphasizing the responsibilities that translators bear in it. Li Cuirong and Zhao Lin believe that an ideal poetry translator should possess both the qualities of a poet and a critic, and be trained through practice. Translators need to have a deep understanding of the author and their works, grasp the genre and style of the text, in order to ensure the accuracy and loyalty of the translation. Sheng Li pointed out that translation is a complex process of information transmission, requiring translators to interpret the source text information step by step from discourse to morpheme. Before translating "The Confession of Don Quixote," the translator needs to analyze the language external characteristics related to the equivalence of extension, including understanding the author Luis Garc í a Montero and his work style, mastering the genre characteristics of Spanish poetry, such as syllable and stress rules, as well as rhyme and rhyme pattern types. In addition, translators should also read works and allusions related to the text, understand the concept of intertextuality, in order to correctly handle citations and allusions in translation.

Translation into Chinese - Content equivalence, form equivalence

Explored the difficulties in translating Spanish poetry, including the equivalence of connotation and form. Firstly, the phenomenon of word distortion was discussed, such as the transformation of words in poetry to maintain meter and symmetry beauty, which poses a challenge for novice translators. Secondly, the complexity of the grammatical structure of poetry was analyzed, such as the absence, concealment, or borrowing of subject verb objects in poetic lines, as well as the importance of punctuation marks in sentence and line breaks. Furthermore, the importance of understanding the symbolic meaning of vocabulary and the use of metaphorical rhetoric was emphasized, pointing out that not combining context may lead to mistranslation. In addition, the issue of style symmetry was discussed, and it was pointed out that in translation, style consistency should be maintained from the paragraph to the entire discourse. Finally, through real-life examples in classroom practice, poetry translation techniques were summarized with the aim of helping novice translators improve their translation skills and quality.

5. Translation - Textual equivalence and pragmatic equivalence

Explored the challenges of achieving textual and pragmatic equivalence in Spanish poetry translation. Poetry translation needs to convey the aesthetic and artistic qualities of the source text, but in practical operation, it is difficult to achieve perfect discourse equivalence due to language and cultural differences. The level of the translator is a key factor affecting the translation effect, and an ideal translator should possess high literary comprehension and professional knowledge background. Equivalence should be regarded as a translation strategy rather than a narrow equivalence relationship, and should be judged based on the text type, the client's wishes, the original author's intentions, and potential reader needs. Pragmatic equivalence aims to achieve the same communicative effect and reading experience for both source and target readers, but its operability is low. The translation can achieve a certain degree of pragmatic equivalence through proofreading and proofreading. Literary translation is the translator's rewriting of the original text, which determines the poetics and ideology of the translated text. In the post translation equivalence stage, it is necessary to ask experts and ordinary readers to check the accuracy, readability, and fluency of the translation to avoid mistranslation.

6 Summary

Poetry translation needs to consider the internal and external characteristics of the language, following Kohler's five equivalence terms, which are divided into three steps: pre translation, translation, and post translation. It studies the characteristics of the text before translation, pays attention to the language form during translation, and adjusts readability and aesthetics after translation to make the translation easy to understand and artistic. This translation approach also has reference value for other text translations.