Discussed the contributions of Western scholars in the history of Shakespearean criticism and pointed out the lack of influence of Chinese scholars' Shakespearean studies in the English speaking world. Despite differences in academic systems, Chinese scholars such as Mr. Wang Zuoliang's "Introduction to Shakespeare: A Study of Shakespeare in China" demonstrate an academic perspective and insight comparable to world-class English works. In the context of the development of AI technology, Mr. Wang Zuoliang's insights into the language of Shakespeare's plays are inspiring.

Mr. Wang Zuoliang, as a Shakespearean critic

Mr. Wang Zuoliang's research on Shakespeare began in the Department of Foreign Languages at Tsinghua University and later pursued further studies at Oxford University under the guidance of Professor Wilson. His academic experience and in-depth study of Shakespeare laid the foundation for his later academic career. During his time at Tsinghua University and Southwest Associated University, Mr. Wang Zuoliang was influenced by top scholars such as Wu Mi and Liu Wuji, as well as inspired by Yan Bosun, and developed a strong interest in the study of Shakespeare's poetry, drama, literary genres, and literary styles. Since the 1960s, he has published research articles on Shakespeare in multiple academic journals. After the Cultural Revolution, he continued to publish important research results, which were compiled and published as "Introduction to Shakespeare". Mr. Wang Zuoliang's criticism of Shakespearean studies can be divided into four categories: General Theory of Shakespeare, Language Study of Shakespeare's Plays, Study of Shakespeare's Poetry Outside the Script, and Construction of the Chinese Shakespearean Studies System. He believed that Shakespeare was a "magician of language" who had bold innovations and experiments in dramatic language. Mr. Wang Zuoliang emphasized the comparative study between Shakespeare and contemporary playwrights such as Marlowe, Jonathan, and Webster. In his later years, he still devoted himself to the construction of the Shakespearean system of the Chinese school, and his work "Introduction to Shakespeare" is both rigorous and full of the sentiment of Chinese poets and scholars. Mr. Wang Zuoliang maintains an open, learning, and dialogue stance towards Western theoretical trends.

The Issue of Shakespeare's Language Expressiveness

Mr. Wang Zuoliang's Shakespearean studies delve into the issue of language expression in Shakespeare's plays, believing that language is not only an important component of dramatic literature, but also the core of Shakespeare's works. He emphasizes the philosophical view of language, believing that style is a special expressive property of English words and word combinations, belonging to the linguistic category. In his later years, Mr. Wang Zuoliang placed greater emphasis on the study of Shakespearean language, starting with Bai style poetry to analyze its rhythm and developmental changes, and explore its relationship with Shakespeare's worldview changes. He opposes empty and ornate rhetoric and pursues a concise, straightforward, and vivid style. In Hamlet, Mr. Wang Zuoliang believes that language is not only a means of expression, but also the content itself. The induction, imitation, comparison, and discussion of language constitute new aspects of the script. He divided literary style into "style and behind style", emphasizing the importance of the artistic conception and imaginative world behind style. Mr. Wang Zuoliang's research on the language of Shakespeare's plays has profound philosophical value, focusing on the "construction function" of language, namely the HHH language dimension. He transformed Shakespeare's language expression into the stylistic or stylistic issues of white verse, demonstrating a poetic philosophical reflection on language expression. Mr. Wang Zuoliang's research on the expressive power of Shakespearean language has profoundly influenced our understanding of the meaning of life and shaped the way people exist.

Sha Xue Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Since the late 1970s of China's reform and opening up, the study of Shakespeare in China has entered a new stage of development. In 1978, the Complete Works of Shakespeare were published, and in 1984, the Chinese Shakespeare Research Association was established with Mr. Wang Zuoliang as the vice president. The first China Shakespeare Festival was held in 1986, and Wang Zuoliang's "Introduction to Shakespeare" was published in 1990, marking the further development of China's foreign language discipline. However, with the development of the profession, foreign language disciplines are facing new challenges. In the era of artificial intelligence and digitization, there are constant doubts about foreign language disciplines, such as the "uselessness of foreign languages" and the "tool only theory". The collaboration between American writers and ChatGPT to create novels has sparked discussions about whether artificial intelligence creation belongs to literature. This depends on the definitions of "creativity," "imagination," and "literary events. If creation is the recombination of knowledge, then the internet's' cool literature 'also meets the definition of literature. But if the creation involves human emotions, ethics, and the pursuit of meaning, then the value of artificial intelligence works is questionable. Wang Zuoliang believes that Shakespeare can turn iron into gold. Does AI have this ability? The thought experiments of French mathematician Borel and physicist indicate that within infinite time, monkeys or automatic printing machines may "create" Shakespeare's works. But AI technology cannot be compared to technology from a hundred years ago. If AI can provide all the 'emotional value', what is the meaning of human existence? What makes a person human? These issues require continuous exploration. Language learning, literary creation, and interpretation are not just about accumulating knowledge. While ChatGPT can provide cutting-edge results, it cannot replace the time-consuming process of language learning and text comprehension. The dimensions of human language and meaning are 'owned by the people, governed by the people, and enjoyed by the people'. The ability of objects to speak in Disney movies is personification rhetoric, which is fundamentally different from human language. Although artificial intelligence achieves "human-machine dialogue", it is different from the intersubjectivity of human language. It is too early to rashly believe that AI has human language ability. Language is an intrinsic component that constructs the meaning of human life. Donnelly believes that language learning is a life activity, not a mechanical information processing. Behind the linguistic instrumentalism lies the distinction between facts and values. The instrumental features of foreign language disciplines in our country are default, but as language "tools" for dialogue, confrontation, and communication, they are different from descriptive tools. Literary criticism is a creative activity, which is reflected in Wang Zuoliang's research on Shakespeare studies. Literary reading and interpretation are readers' "creative" and "dialogic" responses to authors and texts. Wang Zuoliang's criticism of Shakespearean studies is consistent with Steiner's proposition that valuable interpretive activities are related to the state of the interpreter's life existence. Literary and artistic interpretation requires interpreters to make sincere responses on ethical, spiritual, and psychological levels. Shakespeare formed a huge cultural industry in the United States, but one needs to feel the 'real presence' of literary, artistic, and musical works. Modern society needs to awaken readers' vivid perception of texts, otherwise they will live in a state of ignorance and homelessness. From the perspective of hermeneutics, "understanding" is the way of human existence. Even if AI achieves "free creation", its textual meaning still needs to be realized in "understanding", and language always plays a key role. Gadamer pointed out that language is a mediator, and we live in this mediator. Text, as an object of understanding, is not a finished product, but an intermediate product, and its completion and implementation require understanding and interpretation. Professor Jiang Hong recalled her encounter with Wang Zuoliang and realized that literary works can constantly be discovered and interpreted, producing different meanings. This article emphasizes the reader's "intervention" or "participatory" reading interpretation, which does not negate the author's intention or declare the author dead, nor does it advocate subjective or arbitrary value relativism. The generation of textual meaning is the fusion of perspectives between the interpreter and the author. Equal dialogue and mutual learning of civilizations are the fundamental tasks of interpreting classical literature. Under the influence of New Historicism, Postcolonialism, and Lacanian psychoanalytic criticism, the interpretation of Shakespeare's dramatic texts presents openness and fluidity. However, Vickers pointed out that under theoretical assumptions, the "author's intention" and "textual meaning" of Shakespeare's plays were abandoned and became victims of theoretical appropriation. There is no need to go back to the era of "pre theory", but it is necessary to listen to the voice of the text, open an open dialogue between readers and the text, self and others, and rebuild the spiritual bond between humans and nature, humans and historical traditions. Zheng Min evaluates Wang Zuoliang and reminds literature to have wings of imagination. Focusing on human language expression, intersubjectivity, and the world of meaning, returning to common sense, it is urgent to conduct research on Chinese Shakespeare studies in the era of logarithmic intelligence. Shakespeare studies should be oriented towards the future, human creativity, and the spiritual world of values. Wang Zuoliang's critical thinking on Shakespearean studies is a valuable cultural heritage. Humanities scholars are not resisting AI technology, but rather AI will play an important role in foreign language learning and human life. Wang Zuoliang's "Introduction to Shakespeare" originates from academic passion and spiritual personality. Western Chinese is the predecessor of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, co founded and edited by Wang Zuoliang. He emphasized that continuing and developing work is the greatest comfort. Human beings possess language, and Wang Zuoliang's poem 'The central issue is still language' concludes.