This section introduces the project background and funding sources, indicating that this research is a staged achievement of the Beijing Municipal Education Science Planning Priority Attention Project "Study on the 'Study in Beijing' Brand and Its Capacity Building and Guarantee Mechanism," with project number AEAA25015.

1　Introduction

This section introduces the global governance initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping and its significant importance, elaborates on the foundational role of language in global good governance, points out that global language governance has become a core strategic issue, and clarifies the research purpose of this paper: to explore the relationships, challenges, and development paths of international Chinese language education from the perspective of global language governance, aiming to clarify the concept of global language governance with Chinese characteristics, provide reference for the development of international Chinese language education, and contribute Chinese solutions to global language governance.

2　Positioning of International Chinese Language Education from the Perspective of Global Language Governance

This section defines the conceptual connotation of global language governance, reviews domestic and international research trajectories, and points out the paradigm differences between China and the West: Western approaches emphasize the instrumental value of language and market competition logic, while China emphasizes the concept of joint construction, governance, and sharing, as well as the goal of harmonious language life. On this basis, it analyzes the deep coupling relationship between global language governance and international Chinese language education: international Chinese language education is not only a governance object requiring the construction of a comprehensive system, but also a governance subject participating in the reconstruction of global language order; meanwhile, global language governance provides strategic guidance for international Chinese language education, enabling it to transcend the level of skill transmission and become a strategic action promoting mutual learning among civilizations and harmonious language ecology, achieving two-way empowerment.

3　Structural Challenges Facing International Chinese Language Education from the Perspective of Global Language Governance

This section systematically deconstructs four major structural challenges facing international Chinese language education from the perspective of global language governance. Regarding supply-demand tension and capability deficit, the insufficient supply effectiveness of Chinese as a public cultural product leads to regional development imbalances, the standard system construction shows a tendency of "emphasizing general aspects while neglecting subdivisions," and the international discourse power of Chinese is seriously misaligned with its scale of use, with deep roots lying in shortcomings in national language governance capabilities such as absence of administrative institutions, weak discourse research, and insufficient system integration. Regarding collaborative dilemmas and suspended responsibilities, at the micro level, educational entities interact in a discrete manner; at the meso level, cross-departmental collaboration is fragmented with absent supervision and accountability mechanisms; at the macro level, policy transmission is blocked and think tank transformation channels are narrow, collectively causing language governance to fall into a vicious cycle of efficiency decay. Regarding instrumental rationality and cognitive inertia, excessive emphasis on the utilitarian value of Chinese weakens its humanistic core, causing multiple imbalances in regional layout, academic level articulation, and academic research, with cognitive solidification becoming endogenous resistance to governance transformation. Regarding technological governance and algorithmic black boxes, practical difficulties such as low-quality language data, weak digital literacy, and unformed co-construction and sharing systems, combined with ethical and security risks such as algorithmic bias, privacy leakage, and language intelligence anomie, as well as perceptual failure in language situation monitoring, constitute a governance paradox of efficiency improvement and value deviation.

4　Development Paths of International Chinese Language Education from the Perspective of Global Language Governance

This section studies the systematic "five-in-one" development path of international Chinese language education from the perspective of global language governance, proposing governance innovation solutions for deep-seated issues such as supply-demand misalignment, collaborative dilemmas, and disciplinary positioning, as well as external challenges such as global language ecology competition, digital divide, and cultural discount. Strategy-driven governance emphasizes top-level design from the height of national strategy, adopts diversified language policy tool combinations combining rigidity and flexibility, explores a standardization construction model of "core standards + flexible modules," and promotes transformation of agenda setting from passive response to active leadership. Multi-actor collaborative governance introduces actor-network theory to reconstruct interactive relationships among governments, schools, market institutions, and individual learners, achieving interest alignment and action resonance through three principles: common goals and values, shared information and achievements, and shared risks and responsibilities. Value-oriented governance focuses on building a "Chinese + values" narrative system integrating Chinese and foreign elements, establishing a composite talent training system of "language education + governance + regional and country studies," and improving teacher evaluation and incentive mechanisms that integrate teaching and research, achieving the unity of instrumental rationality and value rationality. Digital empowerment governance advocates building digital governance infrastructure, establishing institutional norms for artificial intelligence application access, algorithm filing, and data security, and optimizing the full-chain regulatory closed loop of "monitoring—early warning—analysis—disposal—feedback." Rule-of-law normative governance requires improving legal risk prevention and control mechanisms for foreign-related affairs, building a full-chain system of "pre-event prevention, in-event control, and post-event response," accelerating the formulation of governance regulations in the field of international Chinese language education, clarifying the boundaries of rights and obligations of governance subjects, and promoting dynamic optimization of governance capabilities through rigid constraints.

5　Conclusion

Based on the historical background of the global governance initiative, this section systematically deconstructs the structural challenges of international Chinese language education from the perspective of global language governance, reconstructs development paths from five dimensions, promotes its paradigm leap from traditional language promotion to modern global language governance, and achieves the leap from scale expansion to governance effectiveness. It also proposes three aspects needing attention: combining absorption of advanced governance concepts with localized practice; facing technical ethics and algorithmic risks squarely, embedding ethical security into the governance closed loop; and avoiding excessive governance leading to rising costs and system rigidity. Finally, it points out that global language governance is a long-term systematic project, and in the future, micro-level research and long-term practice need to be conducted in different countries and regions, continuously optimizing governance paths and formulating country-specific solutions, making it a sustainable force for promoting the development of international Chinese language education and building harmonious language ecology.